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- 1. THESISThe United States Marines are perhaps one of the most recognized fighting forces in the military. They have earned this reputation through a long history of heroic combat. Today they are known as a key factor in protecting the country from its many enemies. Leading the fight in modern day conflicts with a superior arsenal contrary to that of any other country.
- 2. THE MARINEThe word “Marine” comes from many languages all meaning from the sea.This is because the Marines originally were an infantry department of the navy.They are considered “The tip of the spear” because they have led and still lead the fight in many conflicts.They have become so effective as a fighting force that now almost every country has their own elite force resembling the Marines. (http://www.marines.mil/Pages/Default.aspx)
- 3. ORIGINS The United States Marines can trace their origins back to the British Royal Marines.They were an infantry force of the navy that over time evolved into a ground assault force that was still part of the navyThe USMC emblem was modeled similar to that of the British Royal Marines.Neither symbol displays a shield signifying defense like other forces do, because the Marines are primarily a offensive force. (http://www.acidus.com/marines.html)
- 4. ORIGINS CONT’DMarines have been around as a military class since ancient times.The first documented armies to use marines were the Greeks and the Romans. (http://www.acidus.com/marines.html)
- 5. BIRTHDAY OF THE USMCThe birthday of the Marine Corps is November 10, 1775.The unit was created as a result of many failed attempts for peace between the colonies and the crown. (http://www.acidus.com/marines.html)
- 6. THE FAMOUS TAVERNThe birth of the Marines or Continental Marines as they were called back then, happened in a popular Philadelphian inn called Tun Tavern.The owner of the tavern, Robert Mullan, was named a Marine Captain, and the owner of another tavern, Samuel Nicholas, was designated commandant of the Continental Marines. (www.acidus.com/marines.html)
- 7. THE FIRST COMMANDANT OF THE USMC (United States Marine Corps) The first commandant of the Marine Corps was Samuel Nicholas.The commandant of the USMC is the highest rank one in the Marine Corps can reach.This rank puts the person in charge of all the forces in the Marine corp. (www.acidus.com/marines.html)
- 8. USMC RANKS
- 9. EARLY BATTLES1776, March - The Marines land on New Providence Island in the Bahamas. In 13 days of their raid they take 2 forts, occupy Nassau, take control of the Government House, seize 88 guns, 16,535 shells and other supplies. On their trip back home they encounter a British ship and engage it with muskets and a cannon on board the ship.1776, December – The marines help out Washington's Army in the second battle of Trenton. This is the first recorded battle in which Marines and the Army worked together.1778, January – The Marines sail down the Mississippi river and take New Orleans to keep British trade out. This did not settle well with the British and many years later ensued the battle for New Orleans.1778, April- A marine detachment makes two raids on British soil (The first in 700 years).1783, January - Marines board and take over the British ship named Baille in the West Indies (www.acidus.com/marines.html)
- 10. APART, BUT NOT FOR LONGAfter a long war for independence against the British, the treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 officially ending the Revolutionary war.Ships became useless in a time of no war and were soldNo ships, no Navy, no Marines. (www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm)
- 11. BACK IN ACTIONAfter many debates and discussions about the defense of the country against future conflicts, the Marines were re-established on July 11, 1798.(www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm)
- 12. BUILDING A FIGHTING LEGACYDuring the war of 1812 the marines played a vital role in many battles like kicking the British out of New OrleansThey also defended areas like the Caribbean, the Falkland Islands, Sumatra and off the coast of West Africa, and fought against the Seminole Indians in Florida. During the Mexican War the Marines took enemy seaports on both the Gulf and Pacific coasts. While marines were taking enemy seaports in Mexico, a battalion of Marines joined General Winfield Scott’s army at a town called Pueblo and marched and fought all the way to the "Halls of Montezuma," Mexico City. (www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm)
- 13. MARINE’S ANTHEMFrom the Halls of MontezumaTo the Shores of Tripoli;We fight our country's battlesIn the air, on land and sea;First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean; We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine. Our flag's unfurled to every breezeFrom dawn to setting sun;We have fought in ev'ry clime and placeWhere we could take a gun;In the snow of far-off Northern landsAnd in sunny tropic scenes; You will find us always on the job--The United States Marines. Here's health to you and to our CorpsWhich we are proud to serve In many a strife we've fought for life And never lost our nerve;If the Army and the NavyEver look on Heaven's scenes; They will find the streets are guarded By United States Marines.(members.tripod.com/scout_sniper1/id17.html )
- 14. CIVIL WAR MARINESMost marine service during the civil war was minimum and only with the navy.Most marines served with the navy in blockading confederate ports in Cape Hatteras, New Orleans, Charleston and Fort Fisher.One battalion did fight on land at the battle of bull run.www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm
- 15. WORL WAR I MARINESDuring the trench warfare of WWI, the marines earned their reputation for excellent marksmanship.It was in the trenches that the marines killed many Germans using the Springfield rifle which amazingly only had iron sights but in marine hands it was very deadly.They soon earned their name Teufel Hunden, which in German means devil dog for their accuracy and effectiveness in battle.www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/wwi.html -
- 16. WWI Marine by Samuel J. WoolfMarine Corps Art Collection
- 17. “AN ISLAND FOR THE INSANE”Paris island is where the marines have gone to train for a long time and still serves as their training ground.Up until WWI, the training was not as rigorous as it has become in order to train recruits into marines.The training and tactics that were used to train the marines, were very inhumane to the fresh recruits that later a marine called it “an island for the insane” in his journal account of his first day there.http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/wwi.html
- 18. AT THE QUARANTINE STATION“At first, the new arrival is sent to the Quarantine Station and provided with a bed, bedding, pajamas and towel. He has nothing to do for the first few days except to eat, sleep and answer innumerable calls at the demand of the examining surgeon. It should be understood that Marine Corps recruits are not given their final examination nor acceptance for service until they reach the training station. This has proved to be the better plan, as it gives the surgeon and officer in charge an opportunity to look most thoroughly into the physical, mental and moral fitness of the men, and eliminate undesirables before they begin training”. The Recruiters' Bulletin, Oct. 1917. http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/quar.html
- 19. THE MANEUVER GROUNDS“At this camp recruits are furnished with rifles and additional equipment. There are hours devoted to the handling of the rifle and its various movements, known as the "manual of arms". The recruit speedily learns the difference between a "floorplate" and a "stacking swivel" and that it is important to keep the bore of the rifle clean. To accomplish this, Marines use a "pull-through"~a stout cord & piece of cloth that is drawn through the barrel from breech to muzzle. Some recruits, in their enthusiasm to brighten the rifle-bore, attempt to pull through too much rag. The results are a "jam," the requi-sitioning of a ramrod & other dif-ficulties. Another unpleasant feature of this predicament is the sarcastic advice of the sergeant: "Next time you try to pull your overcoat through, take off the buttons." At this camp the recruit learns, through practice marches into the surrounding country, how to pitch & strike sheltertents, roll & unroll equipment, build fires, cook, & the graceful stunt of balancing a baked potato, onion, slice of meat, & several slices of bread on the cover of his messkit without dropping a thing... a necessary part of the sea-soldier's training”. Recruiters' Bulletin, October 1917 MAJOR COYLE
- 20. THE TRAINING CAMPAt the Training Camp, sometimes designated the "Canton- ment Camp," the recruits, much to their pleasure, traded the tents & cots of the Maneuver Grounds for newly constructed wooden barracks and real beds with mattresses.For an initial period of from several days to a couple of weeks, the recruits worked at perfecting their drills, learned extended order and interior guard, and were taught basic skills in boxing and wrestling. Soon, however, though they continued to reside at the Training Camp, the recruits began daily marches to the Rifle Range.http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
- 21. THE RIFLE RANGEAt the rifle range, recruits went to learn how to properly use a rifle and a side arm in order to be effective in combatBefore stepping into the range, a recruit had to know 3 things…1) How to set the sight; 2) How to sight or aim; 3) How to hold the rifle in all positions and the general principal for all shooting, such as squeezing the trigger, not canting the rifle.This part of camp was pass or fail because a recruit had to show his officer that they understood the principles of shooting.U.S. Marine Corps Score Book, 1916http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
- 22. IMPORTANT RANGE RULES "Important Range Rules" should be read to the assembled coaches, scorers and firing party before they fall out of ranks. ~When on the range the bolts of all rifles must be drawn fully back and the chambers kept open at all times when the firer is not at the firing point, and the rifle must not be loaded until immediately before it is to be fired. ~Blacken your sights. ~Have your rifle clean. ~Have pencil and score book. ~Study the diagram target in the score book before shooting at each range. ~Ask an experienced shot what windage to start with. ~Tell scorer your name and initials and watch him write it. ~Do not snap behind the line. If you wish to snap at target get fully abreast of the firers. You are welcome on uncrowded firing lines, except in matches. ~Keep rifle unloaded when not on firing line. ~Keep your ammunition clean and in the shade. ~Keep muzzle to the front whe-ther loaded or not. ~Squeeze the trigger and get each shot off without a jerk. ~Try to maintain aim during firing. This will cure flinching. ~Call each shot aloud at once. If you have no coach, call it aloud to yourself. ~Pay strict attention to the scorer when he announces your name and value of your shot. ~When your score is finished, examine your score and total on the score board. ~When you leave the range go at once to the cleaning rack. U.S. Marine Corps Score Book, 1916 http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
- 23. JOE RENDINELL'S FIRST DAY OF REAL FIRING“....Then the first day of real firing. Each recruit had a coach. We started shooting at 200 yds slow firing, the first day. My first shot I missed the target completely. The coach sat on my back & said "Squeeze that trigger, don't pull it. Keep your eyes open, too. Now fire." I did better. Back to 300 yds, a little better still, for I was getting to know my gun. That was all for one day. The next day rapid firing at 200~300~500 yards & slow firing at 600 yards. We had two weeks of steady firing on the range every day”. J.E. Rendinell, One Man's War.http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
- 24. EXELENT SHOOTERSMarines in WWI got their reputation because of many hours of practice on the range as part of getting the troops battle ready as fast as possible.They were such good shooters that some of them even shot record breaking shots and qualified as sharp shooters“We got our instructions & down we went to 200 yards. Qualified. 300 yds, same. 500~600 yards, same. At 1000 yards I missed one and got nine bull's eyes & qualified as a sharp-shooter, 251 out of 300 points. I sure was one happy boy. That meant three dollars more a month”.early August 1917 JOE RENDINELL, One Man's War
- 25. WORLD WAR II MARINESStarting at the entrance of the United States in WWII the war was fought on 2 fronts, the Pacific( Japan and surrounding islands) and the Atlantic( Europe and Africa)The Marines, along with navy, were assigned to fight the Japanese in the pacific islands using a tactic called “island hopping”.http://www.worldwar-2.net/
- 26. ISLAND HOPPING
- 27. WWII MARINE BOOT CAMPBoot camp for the Marines in WWII pretty much remained the same as WWI boot camp except for changes to the exercises done on the firing range because of new weapons that were introduced to that era.http://www.worldwar-2.net/
- 28. WWII PROPAGANDA
- 29. USMC PROPAGANDAPropaganda, especially Marine posters lent a lot of support to the Marines fighting especially since the fighting in Japan was very brutal.Things like conserving resources and lending bonds( money) to the government made the fight in Japan a little easier for the Marines since a lot more attention was being focused on the war being fought in Europe.Posters depicted the Marines winning the war and made them seem very heroic and triumphant like this poster.http://results.about.com/world_war_ii/
- 30. The War Dog PlatoonsShortly after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese invade the Small island of Guam which was a base for the Marines and Navy personnel. Soon after, the battle to take the island back began and the war dog platoons were created.These dogs were specially trained to search out the enemy hiding in the bush, detect mines and booby traps, alert troops in foxholes at night to approaching Japanese, and to carry messages, ammunition and medical supplies.Most of the young Marines who were assigned to the war dog program never owned a dog in their lives, and some were even afraid of them.But they were expected to take the program seriously and be able to get along with their dog.http://worldwar2history.info/Marines/dogs.html
Editor's Notes
- #3: Overtime the Marines have become their own military elite force and have begun separating themselves from the navy to become a separate infantry/air/sea fighting force.
- #4: Today the U.S marines and the British Royal Marines fight side by side and occasionally exchange officers for a short amount of time to keep close ties.The symbol has no shield because marines are mostly know for being the first in and leading the fight. They don’t normally stay back in the lines and defend. They are always advancing.
- #5: when Greece was under threat of invasion form the Persians, Themistocles, the Athenian leader issued a decree to enlist twenty marines per ship to beat back a Persian attack. Rome also had many "Milites Classiarri" or "soldiers of the fleet” which were the Roman version of the marine
- #6: After many failed attempts to make peace with the British after there was still hostilities, the threat of more engagements with the British became eminent and A resolution to create a new military unit was called into effect and thus the Continental Marines were created.
- #7: This new created military unit was later approved by the entire legislative body.
- #8: The commandant is the highest rank and the marines and this man is in charge of all the marine forces. The current commandant of the U.S marine corp is General James T. Conway who served in vietnam was a field officer during operations in iraq in the 1990’s and on.
- #9: Here are some of the ranks of the Marine Corps and their symbol. The left hand side ranks are the enlisted ranks which are the ranks a person that signed on for the marines and did not go to college is eligible for. The ranks on the right hand side are the ranks that a person that went to college and graduated, or either went to college under some military program like ROTC is eligible for.
- #10: The marines had to keep the British out of New Orleans because they were a threat to the U.S since there was still hostility and minor engagements as a result of the Revolutionary war. The marines had to keep the British traders that were going into New Orleans to trade with the natives out because the British represented a significant threat inside or close to U.S soil. Taking New Orleans caused many engagements with the natives but they ended up being beaten back and the ports of New Orleans became closed to the British.-Up until the two raids of April 1778, no opposing force had set foot on British soil for 700 years.
- #11: The Treaty of Paris brought the Revolutionary and the need for the ships that and navy that fought against the British were no longer needed. A monetary basis needed to started because a lot of money had gone into the war. It was because of this that the ships that had fought against the British were sold and therefore the Navy was disbanded. Since at the time the marines were a part of the navy and they fought on ships, they too disbanded and for a short amount of time there was no more Marine Corp. The only military branch in the U.S at this time was the Army but it was weakened from the war.
- #12: The U.S Marines had been gone for 15 years and finally they were brought back after many meeting and conclusions that they were a very strong unit to have fighting alongside the navy and that had potential of being good fighters on the ground. They were brought back and from there kicked off their return with a series of many battles that proved just how effective they were in taking the Bahamas, fighting against France, fighting in Santo Domingo and defeating Barbary pirates along the "Shores of Tripoli." (which was later incorporated into their anthem.
- #13: From looking at this battles that they participated in, we can see that the marines slowly without realizing were building up their reputation to become their own unit. This was still a little far away because they were still part of the navy but slowly they were showing the world that they would soon be ready to detach from the navy and become their own branch. During the battle for New Orleans, they kicked out British traders from NO because even now the relationship between both countries wasn’t the best it could be.During the Mexican war, the U.S attacked Mexico as a result of the battle of the Alamo in which the Mexican army invaded Texas( which was not a state yet but wanted to so Mexico wouldn’t attack) and slaughtered all the Texans in there. The U.S retaliated after admitting Texas as a state and invaded Mexico.The U.S ended up making it all the way to the capital and at the head of the fight, the marines were leading the battle.
- #14: This is the anthem of the U.S Marine corps which gives tribute to them and honors them for what they have done. Every time the song is played around marines, you can see their silence and respect as they stand in honor for all those who have died for the Corp and for their country. Unfortunately no one knows exactly who wrote the song. Records show that the hymn has been around since the 1800s. A young Col. named A.S. McLemore, USMC, spent several years trying to identify the origin of the the hymn but was unsuccessful in finding the origin of it, yet it has stayed around the Corp for many ears and until this day remains unchanged.
- #15: During the civil war, marine service was not seen as much. They could only be found fighting on navy ships in blockades. They were not seen as much because during this time the nation was split in half and the marines fight for the nation, but since the nation was split apart they had no one to fight for.
- #16: During the the trench warfare of WWI the marines were called into service to fight on land because the army was having a a hard time breaking through to the German lines. During this time charging and standing in lines to fire at each other had become useless because of the invention of the automatic machine gun which could spray a lot of bullets. Soldiers now had what was called “No man’s land” which could only be crossed when the enemy was fully destroyed and even then the risk of mines was still present. The Germans soon became afraid of the marines when they began to be cut down from very far away with rifles that were not too top of the line by these young men named marines who were very deadly. It was there that the Germans named them devil dogs and the name has stuck ever since.